What is gum disease?
One of the most common signs of gum disease is bleeding gums from routine activities such as brushing the teeth. Gum disease or periodontal disease is caused by a bacterial infection in the gums. The early stage of gum disease results in symptoms including gums which are tender or bleed. When it remains untreated, gum disease will progress and cause more serious issues such as receding gums, loose teeth, or the loss of teeth. There are also connections between gum disease and serious health problems including heart disease and diabetes. One of the best methods for preventing gum disease is to practice good oral hygiene.
Stages of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis: The initial stage of gum disease is gingivitis. It is caused by the accumulation of plaque around the gums. This harmful bacteria from plaque causes irritation and swelling of the gums. Gingivitis may not initially cause symptoms, but as it progresses symptoms include red, swollen, or bleeding gums. Gingivitis can be treated, and the negative effects are reversible.
- Periodontitis: When gingivitis remains untreated, it can progress into periodontitis. This is the more advanced form of gum disease which occurs when plaque accumulates below the gums. This results in inflammation of the bone and connective tissues which secure the teeth in place. It is common for the gums to recede, expose the tooth’s roots, and create periodontal pockets between the teeth and gums. Common signs of periodontitis include sensitivity and gum recession. As the disease progresses, bone loss occurs, resulting in the teeth becoming loose or even falling out completely.
Cause
Gum disease is caused by the bacteria found in plaque. Plaque, a sticky, colorless film, continuously accumulates on the teeth throughout the day. Plaque which is not effectively removed through brushing and flossing, can harden and turn into tartar. Tartar creates a rough surface which allows for additional accumulation of plaque. Tartar requires a professional cleaning for removal as it cannot be removed at home with regular brushing and flossing.
In order to prevent gum disease, patients must be diligent in removing plaque with twice daily brushing and daily flossing. Patients should also ensure they make regular visits to the dentist for an examination and professional cleaning. These visits are typically recommended twice each year. The routine dental visits also aid in the early detection of issues including gum disease which require prompt treatment.
Risk Factors
While poor oral hygiene is the greatest cause for gum disease, the following can increase a patient’s risk for gum disease:
- High sugar diet
- Drug and tobacco use
- Chronic health issues such as HIV or diabetes
- Hormonal changes
- Natural aging process
- High stress
Signs & Symptoms
In the early stages, gum disease is typically painless and likely to go unnoticed. Below are common signs and symptoms:
- Gums which bleed, especially when brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Receding gums from periodontal pockets
- Chronically bad breath or halitosis
- Loose or wiggly teeth
- Change in the patient’s bite
- Pain from chewing
- Increased sensitivity
Patients who suspect they may have gum disease should contact the office today. The dental team can evaluate the patient and discuss treatment options.