Tooth roots are supposed to be covered by gum tissue. When the gums recede, the root can become exposed, which can make the tooth sensitive, uncomfortable, and easier for bacteria to damage. If a tooth suddenly looks longer than the others, or if brushing near the gumline causes pain, it may be a sign of an exposed root. Read on to learn more about why this happens and what you should do next.
What does an exposed tooth root mean?
An exposed tooth root means the lower part of the tooth is no longer protected by the gums. This part of the tooth is more delicate than the crown, which is the part you normally see when you smile. The root does not have the same enamel covering as the top of the tooth. Because of this, it can react strongly to cold drinks, hot foods, sweets, or even air. It can also collect plaque more easily, which raises the risk of decay and infection.
What causes exposed roots?
Exposed tooth roots can be caused by numerous things.
- The most common cause is gum recession. This happens when the gums move away from the teeth. Gum recession can develop slowly, so many people do not notice it right away. Gum disease is a major reason gums recede.
- Brushing too hard can also wear down gum tissue. Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or scrubbing side to side can damage the gums over time.
- Other causes may include smoking, teeth grinding, misaligned teeth, injury, or a cracked tooth.
What are the symptoms of an exposed tooth root?
Some people can see the exposed root. The tooth may look longer, or there may be a darker or yellow area near the gumline. Sensitivity is another common sign. You may feel a sharp sensation when drinking something cold or eating something sweet. The area may also hurt when brushing or flossing. Other signs can include swollen gums, bleeding, bad breath, or more plaque near one tooth.
How are exposed tooth roots treated?
Treatment depends on the reason the root is exposed and how severe the problem is. If it is mild, your dentist may recommend a soft-bristled toothbrush, gentler brushing, and toothpaste made for sensitivity. They may also apply fluoride or another protective treatment to the root surface.
If gum disease is involved, a deep cleaning is likely needed. This removes plaque and tartar from below the gumline and helps reduce bacteria around the tooth. If the root is exposed more severely, a gum graft may be recommended. This procedure uses gum tissue to cover the exposed area and protect the tooth. If the tooth has decay, infection, or a deep crack, the dentist may recommend a filling, root canal, or extraction, depending on how much damage has occurred.
What can you do at home?
While at home treatments can’t cure an exposed root, they can help. Keep the area clean. Gently brush twice a day with a soft toothbrush and floss carefully. Avoid scrubbing the gums. Try to limit acidic and sugary foods, since they can make sensitivity and decay worse. If you smoke, quit.
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